<***N style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> 精益生产之柔性制造系统***N>
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<***N lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><***N style="mso-spacerun: yes"> ***N>***N><***N style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">什么是柔性制造系统呢?柔性可以表述为两个方面。**方面是系统适应外部环境变化的能力,可用系统满足新产品要求的程度来衡量;第二方面是系统适应内部变化的能力,可用在有干扰(如机器出现故障)情况下,这时系统的生产率与无干扰情况下的生产率期望值之比可以用来衡量柔性。***N><***N lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“***N><***N style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">柔性***N><***N lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”***N><***N style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">是相对于***N><***N lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“***N><***N style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">刚性***N><***N lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”***N><***N style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">而言的,传统的***N><***N lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">“***N><***N style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">刚性***N><***N lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">”***N><***N style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">自动化生产线主要实现单一品种的大批量生产。其优点是生产率很高,由于设备是固定的,所以设备利用率也很高,单件产品的成本低。但价格相当昂贵,且只能加工一个或几个相类似的零件。如果想要获得其他品种的产品,则必须对其结构进行大调整,重新配置系统内各要素,其工作量和经费投入与构造一个新的生产线往往不相上下。刚性的大批量制造自动化生产线只适合生产少数几个品种的产品,难以适应多品种、小批量的生产。***N><***N lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">
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<***N style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><***N lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">
<***N lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">
<***N style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> 3、柔性制造系统柔性的涵盖范围***N>
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<***N lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">●***N><***N style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">机器柔性***N><***N style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> ***N><***N style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">当要求生产一系列不同类型的产品时,机器随产品变化而加工不同零件的难易程度。***N><***N lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">
<***N lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">●***N><***N style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">工艺柔性***N><***N style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> ***N><***N style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">一是工艺流程不变时自身适应产品或原材料变化的能力;二是制造系统内为适应产品或原材料变化而改变相应工艺的难易程度。***N><***N lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">
<***N lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">●***N><***N style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">产品柔性***N><***N style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> ***N><***N style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">一是产品更新或完全转向后,系统能够非常经济和迅速地生产出新产品的能力;二是产品更新后,对老产品有用特性的继承能力和兼容能力。***N><***N lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">
<***N lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">●***N><***N style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">维护柔性***N><***N style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> ***N><***N style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">采用多种方式查询、处理故障,保障生产正常进行的能力。***N><***N lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">
<***N lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">●***N><***N style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">生产能力柔性***N><***N style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> ***N><***N style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">当生产量改变、系统也能经济地运行的能力。对于根据订货而组织生产的制造系统,这一点尤为重要。***N><***N lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">
<***N lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">●***N><***N style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">扩展柔性***N><***N style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> ***N><***N style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">当生产需要的时候,可以很容易地扩展系统结构,增加模块,构成一个更大系统的能力。***N><***N lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">
<***N lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">●***N><***N style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">运行柔性***N><***N style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> ***N><***N style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">利用不同的机器、材料、工艺流程来生产一系列产品的能力和同样的产品,换用不同工序加工的能力。***N><***N lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">
<***N lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">
<***N style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> (1)设备利用率高 由于采用计算机对生产进行调度,一旦有机床空闲,计算机便分配给该机床加工任务。在典型情况下,采用柔性制造系统中的一组机床所获得的生产量是单机作业环境下同等数量机床生产量的3倍。
(2)减少生产周期 由于零件集中在加工中心上加工,减少了机床数和零件的装卡次数。采用计算机进行有效的调度也减少了周转的时间。
(3)具有维持生产的能力 当柔性制造系统中的一台或多台机床出现故障时,计算机可以绕过出现故障的机床,使生产得以继续。
(4)生产具有柔性 可以响应生产变化的需求,当市场需求或设计发生变化时,在FMS的设计能力内,不需要系统硬件结构的变化,系统具有制造不同产品的柔性。并且,对于临时需要的备用零件可以随时混合生产,而不影响FMS的正常生产。
(5)产品质量高 FMS减少了卡具和机床的数量,并且卡具与机床匹配得当,从而保证了零件的一致性和产品的质量。同时自动检测设备和自动补偿装置可以及时发现质量问题,并采取相应的有效措施,保证了产品的质量。
(6)加工成本低 FMS的生产批量在相当大的范围内变化,其生产成本是**的。它除了一次性投资费用较高外,其他各项指标均优于常规的生产方案。
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